Sekuphele iminyaka eyishumi kwaqalwa ukuqaliswa kwe-"Belt and Road" ngo-2013. Eminyakeni eyi-10 edlule, i-China, njengomqalisi kanye nomhlanganyeli obalulekile, izuze intuthuko yezinga eliphezulu enenzuzo ngokulinganayo namazwe asebenzisanayo, futhi imboni yamaloli, njengengxenye yalolu hlelo, nayo isizuze intuthuko esheshayo emgwaqeni ozohamba emhlabeni jikelele.
“I-Belt and Road” Initiative, okuyiSilk Road Economic Belt kanye ne-21st Century Maritime Silk Road. Umzila uhlanganisa amazwe angaphezu kwe-100 nezinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe e-Asia, e-Afrika, eYurophu naseLatin America, futhi unomthelela omkhulu ekuhwebeni komhlaba wonke, ukutshalwa kwezimali kanye nokuhwebelana kwamasiko.
Iminyaka eyi-10 iyisandulela kuphela, futhi manje isiyisiqalo esisha, futhi hlobo luni lwethuba elizovulelwa amaloli ohlobo lwaseShayina ukuya phesheya kwezilwandle nge-“Belt and Road” okuyiyona nto esigxile kuyona.
Gxila ezindaweni ezilandelayo endleleni
Amaloli angamathuluzi abalulekile okwakhiwa nokuthuthukiswa komnotho, futhi adlala indima ebalulekile ohlelweni lokuphromotha “I-Belt and Road” Initiative. Nakuba iningi lamazwe akhiwe ngokuhlanganyela “I-Belt and Road” Initiative ingeyamazwe asathuthuka, izinga lokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yokukhiqiza izimoto liphansi uma kuqhathaniswa, futhi amaloli ohlobo lwaseShayina anezinzuzo ezinkulu mayelana namandla okukhiqiza, ukusebenza kanye nokusebenza kwezindleko. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, sekuphenduke imiphumela emihle kakhulu ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe.
Ngokwemininingwane efanele ye-General Administration of Customs, ngaphambi kuka-2019, ukuthunyelwa kwamaloli asindayo kwakuzinzile cishe ezimotweni ezingaba ngu-80,000-90,000, kwathi ngo-2020, umthelela walolu bhubhane wehla kakhulu. Ngo-2021, ukuthunyelwa kwamaloli asindayo kukhuphuke kwafinyelela ezimotweni eziyi-140,000, okukhuphuke ngo-79.6% unyaka nonyaka, kwathi ngo-2022, inani lokuthengisa laqhubeka lenyuka laya ku-190,000, okuwukunyuka kwama-35.4% unyaka nonyaka. Isamba sokudayiswa kwamanye amazwe amaloli asindayo sesifinyelele ezingxenyeni eziyi-157,000, okuwukukhuphuka ngo-111.8% unyaka nonyaka, okulindeleke ukuthi kufinyelele kwelinye izinga.
Ngokombono wengxenye yemakethe ngo-2022, ivolumu yokuthengiswa kwemakethe yokuthekelisa yamaloli asindayo yase-Asia yafinyelela kubukhulu obungamayunithi angama-66,500, lapho iVietnam, iPhilippines, i-Indonesia, i-Uzbekistan, iMongolia kanye nabanye abakhulu abathumela ngaphandle eChina.
Imakethe yase-Afrika ikleliswe endaweni yesibili, ngokuthunyelwa kwezimoto ezingaphezu kuka-50 000, okuyiNigeria, Tanzania, Zambia, Congo, South Africa nezinye izimakethe ezinkulu.
Nakuba imakethe yaseYurophu incane uma iqhathaniswa nezimakethe zase-Asia nase-Afrika, ikhombisa ukukhula ngokushesha. Ngaphezu kweRussia ethintwa yizici ezikhethekile, inani lamaloli asindayo angeniswa evela eChina ngamanye amazwe aseYurophu ngaphandle kweRussia nalo lenyuka lisuka kumayunithi ayinkulungwane ngo-2022 laya kumayunithi ayi-14,200 ngonyaka owedlule, okuwukunyuka okucishe kube izikhathi eziyi-11.8, okuyiJalimane, iBelgium. , iNetherlands nezinye izimakethe ezinkulu. Lokhu ikakhulukazi kudalwe ukugqugquzelwa kwe-“The Belt and Road” Initiative, eqinise ukubambisana kwezomnotho nezohwebo phakathi kweChina namazwe ase-Europe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-2022, iChina yathumela amaloli asindayo ayi-12,979 eNingizimu Melika, okubalelwa ku-61.3% yenani eliphelele elithunyelwa emazweni aseMelika, futhi imakethe yakhombisa ukukhula okuzinzile.
Sekuhlanganiswe ndawonye, imininingwane ebalulekile yokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwamaloli asindayo e-China ibonisa lezi zimo ezilandelayo: Isinyathelo se-“Belt and Road” sinikeza amathuba engeziwe okuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwamaloli asindayo ase-China, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokufunwa kwamanye amazwe asendleleni, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwamaloli amakhulu ase-China kufinyelele ukukhula ngokushesha. ; Ngaso leso sikhathi, ukukhula okusheshayo kwemakethe yaseYurophu nakho kunikeza amathuba amasha eloli elisindayo laseChina lokwandisa imakethe yamazwe omhlaba.
Ngokuzayo, ngokugqugquzelwa okujulile kwe-“Belt and Road” Initiative kanye nokwenza ngcono okuqhubekayo kwezinhlobo zamaloli amakhulu aseShayina, kulindeleke ukuthi ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwamaloli amakhulu ase-China kuzoqhubeka nokugcina inkambiso yokukhula.
Ngokwenqubo yeminyaka eyi-10 yokuthekelisa yamaloli ohlobo lwaseShayina kanye nenqubo yokuthuthukiswa kanye namathuba esikhathi esizayo we-“Belt and Road” Initiative, okulandelayo ukuhlaziya indlela yokusebenza yamaloli aseShayina aya phesheya kwezilwandle:
1. Imodi yokuthekelisa izimoto: Ngokuthuthukiswa okujulile kwe-“Belt and Road”, ukuthekelisa izimoto kusazoba enye yezindlela eziyinhloko zokuthekelisa kwamaloli e-China. Kodwa-ke, uma kucatshangelwa ukuhlukahluka nobunkimbinkimbi bezimakethe zaphesheya, amabhizinisi amaloli aseShayina adinga ukuqhubeka nokwenza ngcono ikhwalithi nokuvumelana nezimo kwemikhiqizo, futhi athuthukise amakhono esevisi yangemuva kokuthengisa ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo zamazwe nezifunda ezihlukahlukene.
2. Ukwakhiwa kwezitshalo zaphesheya nokwakhiwa kwesistimu yokumaketha: Ngokujula kokubambisana phakathi kwamazwe nezifunda eziseduze “neBelt and Road”, amabhizinisi amaloli aseShayina angakwazi ukubona ukusebenza kwendawo ngokutshala ezitshalweni zasendaweni nokusungula izinhlelo zokumaketha. Ngale ndlela, singakwazi ukuzivumelanisa kangcono nesimo semakethe yendawo, sithuthukise ukuncintisana kwemakethe, futhi sijabulele izinzuzo nokusekelwa kwezinqubomgomo zendawo.
3. Landela ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe amaphrojekthi amakhulu kazwelonke: Ngaphansi kokugqugquzelwa kwe-“Belt and Road”, inani elikhulu lamaphrojekthi okwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda azokwenziwa phesheya kwezilwandle. Izinkampani zamaloli zaseShayina zingabambisana nalezi zinkampani zokwakha ukuze zilandele iphrojekthi olwandle futhi zinikeze izinsizakalo zokuthutha izinto. Lokhu kungafeza ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe okungaqondile kwamaloli, kodwa futhi nokuqinisekisa ukuthuthukiswa okuzinzile kwamabhizinisi.
4. Iya phesheya kwezilwandle ngemigudu yohwebo: Ngokujula kokubambisana kwezohwebo phakathi kwamazwe nezifunda eziseduze “neBelt and Road”, amabhizinisi amaloli aseShayina angahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokuthutha ezinqamula imingcele ngokusebenzisana namabhizinisi endawo kanye namabhizinisi e-e-commerce. Ngaso leso sikhathi, ingaphinde ikhulise ukuqwashisa ngomkhiqizo kanye nomthelela ngokubamba iqhaza emibukisweni yamazwe ngamazwe nezinye izindlela zokudala amathuba amaningi okuya phesheya kwezilwandle.
Ngokuvamile, imodi yokusebenza yamaloli aseShayina aya phesheya kwezilwandle izohluka kakhulu futhi ibe yasendaweni, futhi amabhizinisi adinga ukukhetha imodi efanele yokuthekelisa ngokwesimo sawo sangempela kanye namasu okuthuthukisa. Ngaso leso sikhathi, ngaphansi kokugqugquzelwa kwe-“Belt and Road”, amabhizinisi amaloli aseShayina azoletha amathuba entuthuko engeziwe kanye nezinselelo, futhi adinga ukuqhubeka nokwenza ngcono izinga lawo lokuncintisana kanye nokuhwebelana kwamanye amazwe.
NgoSepthemba kulo nyaka, abaholi bezinkampani zamaloli ezejwayelekile ze-China Automobile Group bathathe uhambo lokufunda emazweni aseMpumalanga Ephakathi, behlose ukujulisa ukubambisana, ukugqugquzela ukusayinwa kwemiklamo yamasu, kanye nokuqinisa ukuhwebelana kwezinsiza zokwakha zasefemini. Lesi sinyathelo sibonisa ngokugcwele iqembu lamaloli eliholwa i-Shaanxi Automobile elikubheka njengokubaluleke kakhulu futhi lizimisele kakhulu ukuthuthukisa amathuba amasha emakethe “eBelt and Road”.
Ngendlela yokuvakashela izindawo, banokuqonda okujulile kwezidingo kanye nezitayela zemakethe yaseMpumalanga Ephakathi, okubonisa ngokugcwele ukuthi abaholi beqembu bayaqaphela ukuthi imakethe yaseMpumalanga Ephakathi inamandla amakhulu kanye namathemba abanzi entuthuko ngaphansi " Ibhande kanye Nomgwaqo” Initiative. Ngakho-ke, bahlela ngenkuthalo, ngokwenza kwasendaweni amafekthri nezinye izindlela zokuthuthukisa ithonya lomkhiqizo nokuncintisana, ukuze imboni yamaloli yaseChina emakethe yaseMpumalanga Ephakathi ifake amandla amasha.
"I-Belt and Road" ingene enkathini entsha, okumele ilethe amathuba angcono entuthuko ekuthunyelweni kwamaloli kwamanye amazwe, kodwa kufanele futhi siqonde ngokucacile ukuthi isimo samanje samazwe ngamazwe siyinkimbinkimbi futhi siyashintsha, futhi lisekhona igumbi elikhulu lokuthuthukisa Uhlobo lweloli laseChina kanye nenkonzo.
Sikholelwa ukuthi ukuze sisebenzise kangcono leli windi elisha lokuthuthukisa, kufanele sinake izici ezilandelayo.
1. Naka izinguquko esimweni samazwe ngamazwe: Isimo samanje samazwe ngamazwe sigcwele ukungaqiniseki nokuguquguquka, njengempi yaseRussia-Ukraine kanye nokwanda kwezingxabano emazweni aseMpumalanga Ephakathi. Lezi zinguquko zezombangazwe zingase zibe nomthelela omubi ekuthunyelweni kwamaloli asindayo, ngakho amabhizinisi amaloli amakhulu aseShayina adinga ukunaka kakhulu izinguquko zesimo samazwe ngamazwe futhi alungise amasu okuthekelisa ngesikhathi esifanele ukuze kuncishiswe izingozi ezingaba khona.
2. Ukwenza ngcono isevisi nokuthengisa ngesikhathi esisodwa: Ukuze kugwenywe izifundo eziyinhlekelele zokuthunyelwa kwezithuthuthu zaseVietnam, amabhizinisi amaloli asindayo aseShayina adinga ukukhuphula ukuthengisa kuyilapho egxile ekuthuthukiseni izinga lesevisi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuqinisa ukulandelana kwesevisi yangemva kokuthengisa, ukuhlinzeka ngosizo lobuchwepheshe olufika ngesikhathi kanye nokunakekelwa, kanye nokwakha ubudlelwano obuseduze nabathengisi bendawo nama-ejenti ukuze kuthuthukiswe isithunzi somkhiqizo nokwaneliseka kwamakhasimende.
3. Qamba ngendlela entsha futhi uthuthukise izici zezimoto ezimakethe zangaphandle: Ukuze uhlangabezane kangcono nesidingo semakethe samazwe ahlukene nezifunda, amabhizinisi amaloli asindayo aseShayina adinga ukusungula izinto ezintsha futhi athuthukise izici zezimoto ezimakethe zangaphandle. I-Shaanxi Automobile X5000, isibonelo, icabangela ngokugcwele izidingo ezithile zokuhamba zesifunda sase-Urumqi. Amabhizinisi adinga ukuqonda ngokugcwele izici nezidingo zemakethe eqondiwe, ucwaningo oluhlosiwe kanye nokuthuthukiswa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo zangempela zemakethe yendawo.
4. Sebenzisa kahle izinto zokuhamba zomgwaqo ze-TIR kanye nohwebo olunqamula imingcele: Ngaphansi kokugqugquzelwa “kwe-Belt and Road”, ezokuthutha emgwaqeni we-TIR kanye nohwebo oluwela imingcele sekulula kakhulu. Amabhizinisi amaloli amakhulu aseShayina kudingeka azisebenzise ngokugcwele lezi zimo ezivumayo ukuze aqinise ukuhwebelana namazwe angomakhelwane. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuyadingeka futhi ukunaka kakhulu izinguquko zezinqubomgomo zohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe ukuze kulungiswe ngesikhathi amasu okuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe futhi kuthathwe amathuba ebhizinisi amaningi.
UNina uthi:
Ngaphansi kokugqugquzelwa kwe-“Belt and Road” esikhathini esisha, amazwe asathuthuka ahambisana nemizila asebenza ngokubambisana ekwakhiweni kwengqalasizinda, ukuhwebelana kwezomnotho nokuhwebelana neminye imikhakha. Lokhu akuhlinzeki nje kuphela ngamathuba ebhizinisi engeziwe okuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwamaloli asindayo e-China, kodwa futhi kudala izimo zokuzuzisana kanye nemiphumela yokuwina yawo wonke amazwe. Kule nqubo, amabhizinisi amaloli asindayo aseShayina adinga ukuhambisana nejubane le-Times, andise izimakethe zaphesheya ngenkuthalo, futhi athuthukise ithonya lomkhiqizo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuyadingeka futhi ukugxila ekusungulweni nasekuthuthukisweni ukuze uvumelane nezidingo zemakethe zamazwe ahlukene nezifunda.
Emgwaqeni oya phesheya kwezilwandle, amabhizinisi amaloli amakhulu aseShayina adinga ukunaka ukuhlanganiswa nokuthuthukiswa kwemakethe yendawo. Kuyadingeka ukwandisa ukubambisana okusebenzayo namabhizinisi endawo, ukuqinisa ukuhwebelana kwezobuchwepheshe nokuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi, futhi kuzuzwe inzuzo efanayo kanye nemiphumela yokuwina. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuyadingeka futhi ukunaka ukugcwaliseka kwemithwalo yemfanelo yenkampani yezenhlalakahle, ukubamba iqhaza ngenkuthalo emisebenzini yenhlalakahle yomphakathi yendawo, nokubuyisela emphakathini wendawo.
Esimweni “seBelt and Road”, ukuthunyelwa kwamaloli amakhulu aseChina kubhekene namathuba nezinselelo ezingakaze zibonwe. Kuphela ngokuhambisana ne-Times, ukugxila ekusungulweni nasekuthuthukisweni, kanye nokuqinisa ukuhlanganiswa nentuthuko nemakethe yasendaweni lapho singafinyelela intuthuko esimeme futhi sizuze impumelelo enkulu emakethe yomhlaba. Asibheke ngabomvu ikusasa elingcono lamaloli asindayo aseChina athunyelwa kwamanye amazwe!
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-12-2023
