Ngokuphela kwe-blockade ye-Global Ebridemic, imboni entsha yezitolo iye yathuthuka ngokushesha, ngasikhathi sinye, ukugcwala komthethonqubo wethrafikhi kuqinisiwe, izinga lokungena lemikhiqizo emisha lemikhiqizo elisha likhuphukile, futhi amaloli wokuhamba we-Global Logistics aqale kabusha ukukhula. Imboni yengqalasizinda yomhlaba wonke iyazinza, isidingo sokuhamba kwezinto zokuhamba zobunjiniyela kwesinye isikhathi sikhuphuka futhi kwesinye isikhathi siwela, futhi amaloli we-Global Engineering Class asebeni aqala ukuthuthuka.
Okokuqala, ukuhanjiswa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe kwanele, futhi amathuba okuthuthukiswa komkhakha wamaloli abanzi
Amaloli, abizwa nangokuthi amaloli, ngokuvamile abizwa ngokuthi amaloli, asetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukuthutha izimpahla, futhi kwesinye isikhathi abhekisele ezimotweni ezingaqothula ezinye izimoto, ezingesigaba sezimoto zezentengiso. Amaloli angahlukaniswa ngamaloli amancane, akhanyayo, aphakathi, anamandla futhi anamandla futhi anamandla amakhulu ngokwe-tornerage awo, kuwo amaloli akhanyayo amaloli asemqoka amabili izinhlobo ezimbili zamaloli zaphesheya kwezilwandle. Ngo-1956, ifektri yokuqala yaseChina eChangchun, eSifundazweni saseJilin, ikhiqize iloli lokuqala lasekhaya e-New China - iJiefAng CA10, eyayiyimoto yokuqala yaseChina. Njengamanje, inqubo yokukhiqiza izimoto yaseChina ivame ukuvuthwa, ukwakheka komkhiqizo kucace kancane kancane, ukushintshwa kuyasheshisa, izimoto zesiShayina zaqala ukungena emakethe yamazwe omhlaba ngobuningi bomnotho wezwe laseChina.
I-Upstream yomkhakha wamaloli yizinto zokwakha eziluhlaza kanye nezinto zokwakha amandla ezidingekayo ukuze kukhiqizwe amaloli, kufaka phakathi insimbi, amapulasitiki, njll, injini, okuyinjini kanye nezinye izingxenye ezidingekayo ekusebenzeni kwamaloli. Umthamo weloli ophethe unamandla, izidingo zokusebenza ze-Injini ziphezulu, i-Diesel Injini ehlobene namandla enjini kaphethiloli ziphansi, kepha amaloli amaningi aphansi aphansi, kepha amanye amaloli akhanyayo nawo asebenzisa uphetroli, igesi kaphethiloli noma igesi yemvelo. Ama-Middle Aids akhiqizi abakhiqizi bezimoto aphelele, futhi abakhiqizi abasebenza amaloli abazimele baseChina bafaka iChina OKUFANELEKILE YOKUQALA, ukukhiqizwa kwamaloli okusindayo, njll.
Ivolumu yeloli likhulu, inqubo yokukhiqiza iyinkimbinkimbi, futhi izinto zayo eziphambili ezilukhuni ziyinsimbi nezinye izinto zensimbi ezisezingeni eliphakeme ngobulukhuni obuphezulu, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ukuze bakwazi ukwakha imikhiqizo yamaloli ngokuphila okude nokusebenza okungcono. Ngokukhula okuqhubekayo komnotho we-macro, ukukhiqiza okwenziwa yiChina, ukwakhiwa kanye nezinye izimboni kuyaqhubeka ukwandisa, ukukhuthaza ukwanda okusheshayo kwekhono lokukhiqizwa kwensimbi, futhi kube ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi emhlabeni jikelele kanye namandla okuthengisa. Ngo-2021-2022, othintwe ubhubhane olusha "olusha lweCoronavirus", umnotho ophelele waseChina unqabile, futhi amaphrojekthi okwakha aqalile ukulayisha phansi, futhi amabhizinisi athile entengo anciphile yimakethe, futhi ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kuncishisiwe. Ngo-2022, ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi yaseChina kwakungamathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1,34, ukukhuphuka okungu-0.27%, futhi izinga lokukhula linqabile. Ngo-2023, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhula komnotho futhi kuthuthukise isimo somkhakha, uMbuso uhlinzeka ngezinqubomgomo ezimbalwa zoxhaso zokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwezimboni eziyisisekelo, kusukela ngengxenye yesithathu yensimbi engamathani ayizigidi eziyi-1,19, kwandiswa ngo-6.1%. Ukukhiqizwa kwezinto zokwakha ezivundwayo ukuze kubuyiselwe ukukhula, ukunikezwa kwemakethe kanye nokufunwa kuvame ukulinganisela, intengo ephelele yemikhiqizo yehla, usizo lokukhiqizwa kwamaloli ukuze lulawulwe ngempumelelo, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwezomnotho kwezimboni, ukunweba isabelo semakethe yezimboni.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezimoto ezijwayelekile, amaloli adla amandla amaningi futhi akhiqize amandla amaningi avela ku-diesel combustion, esiza ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwamaloli. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, othintekile ngesimo samazwe omhlaba, amanye amazwe anezinkinga zamandla ajwayelekile, futhi izintengo zemoto zaseChina ziye zakhula ngokushesha, futhi ukusetshenziswa kukagesi kwe-China kuqhubekile ukwanda, kanye nokuncika kwamakethe kwangaphandle. Ukuze udambise ukungalingani phakathi kokuhlinzekwa kukadizili kanye nesidingo, iChina ikhuphule imizamo yokwandisa isitoreji se-Oil negesi kanye nokukhiqizwa kanye nokwandisa ukunikezwa kwedizili. Ngo-2022, ukukhiqizwa kukadizili waseChina kuzofika amathani ayizigidi ezingama-191, kwandiswa ngo-17.9%. Njengengxenye yesithathu ka-2023, ukukhiqizwa kukadizili waseChina kwakungamathani ayizigidi eziyi-162, kwandiswa ama-20.8% esikhathini esifanayo ngo-2022, okuphumayo sekusondele ekukhiqizeni kukadizili waminyaka yonke ngo-2021. Ukungenisa kukadizili kweChina kuhlala kuphakeme. Ukuze usebenzise izidingo zentuthuko eqhubekayo kazwelonke, umthombo kawoyela wedizili ushintshe kancane kancane waya emandleni avuselelekayo anjenge-biodiesel futhi kancane kancane wandisa isabelo sawo semakethe. Ngasikhathi sinye, kancane kancane amaloli aseChina angene emkhakheni wamandla amasha, futhi ekuqaleni abonakale ngogesi ohlanzekile noma uphethiloli kaphethiloli ogcwele emakethe ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo zemakethe yesikhathi esizayo.
Izinga lokukhula lokuthuthuka kwezimboni selinciphise kancane, futhi amandla amasha angena kancane kancane embonini yamaloli
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, iChina ikhuthaze ngamandla emadolobheni, ukukhuphuka komkhakha we-e-commerce, izimpahla zidinga ukuthuthwa ngokushesha nangendlela efanele phakathi kwezifunda ezahlukahlukene, ukushayela isidingo semakethe yamaloli yaseChina. Imakethe yezimpahla iyaqhubeka nokushisa, ukukhula kokufunwa kwamandla kusobala, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni zempahla nokuhamba kushayela kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa komkhakha wamaloli, kwathi ngo-2020, ukukhiqizwa kwamaloli eChina kuzoba amayunithi angama-2039. Ngo-2022, ubukhulu bokutshalwa kwemali okuyimpahla obuhleliwe buthaka, imakethe yabathengi yasekhaya ibuthakathaka, futhi izindinganiso ze-National Automobile zivuselelwa, okuholela ekunciphiseni isivinini sempahla yaseChina kanye nokwehla kwezimpahla zempahla yeloli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okuthintwe ukwehla kwamandla emali emhlabeni jikelele, inani lezinto ezisetshenziswayo zokukhiqizwa komkhiqizo liyaqhubeka likhuphuka, ukuntuleka kwesakhiwo kwama-chip athuthukiswe ngokuzimela, amabhizinisi ancishiswa yizinto ezinikezwayo kanye nezimakethe zamaloli, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwemakethe yamaloli kukhawulelwe. Ngo-2022, ukukhiqizwa kwamaloli eChina kwakungamayunithi ayizigidi ezingama-2.453, phansi 33.1% unyaka nonyaka. Ngokuphela kokujikeleza kukaZweloshwabhubhu kazwelonke, imboni entsha yezitolo iye yathuthuka ngokushesha, ngasikhathi sinye, ukugcwaliswa komthethonqubo wethrafikhi kuqinisiwe, izinga lokungena lemikhiqizo emisha lemikhiqizo emisha likhuphukile, futhi amaloli okuhamba kwamahhala waseChina aqale ukukhula. Kodwa-ke, ukuncibilikisa embonini yezingqalasizinda kanye nokwehla kwesidingo sokuhamba kwezinto zokuhamba zezobunjiniyela zikukhawulele ukululama nokuthuthukiswa kwamaloli ama-China asebendayo. Ngokuya ngekota yesithathu ka-2023, ukukhiqizwa kwamaloli eChina kwakungamayunithi ayizigidi ezingama-2.453, up 14.3% kusuka esikhathini esifanayo ngo-2022.
Ukuthuthuka okuphelele kwemboni yezimoto kukhuthaza ukukhula komnotho waseChina, ngenkathi kusheshisa ukuwohloka kwemvelo yemvelo eChina, futhi ikhwalithi yomoya ezindaweni ezithuthukile ezomnotho iyaqhubeka yehla, ibeke usongo empilweni yabahlali. Ukuze uzuze ukuhlangana kwendoda nemvelo evumelanayo, i-China isebenzise isu "kabili i-Carbon", ngokulungisa i-Energy Economil Energy, ngakho-ke, ukuqeda ukuncika kwezomnotho okuphansi esikhundleni samandla akhona, ngakho-ke, amaloli amasha wamandla asephenduke indawo ekhanyayo enkulu emakethe yezimoto. Ngo-2022, ukuthengiswa kwamaloli amasha eChina kukhuphuke ngo-103% unyaka nonyaka kuya kuma-99,494 amayunithi; Kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya ku-Ephreli 2023, ngokwezibalo zeChina Automobile Qear Association, ivolumu yokuthengisa yamaloli amasha eChina yayingu-24% ama-Energy Amaloli amancane namaloli akhanyayo athuthukiswa ngaphambili, futhi amaloli asindayo athuthukile ngokushesha okukhulu, namaloli asindayo athuthukile ngokushesha. Ukukhuphuka komnotho oshukumisayo wasemadolobheni kanye ne-stack ekhuphuke kakhulu amakhadi amancane namaloli akhanyayo, namaloli amasha akhanyayo anjengamaloli endabuko, akhuthaza kakhulu izinga lokungena lamaloli amasha akhanyayo. Ngokuya ngekota yesithathu ka-2023, umthamo wokuthengisa wamaloli amasha akhanyayo e-China kwakungamayunithi angama-26,226, ukukhuphuka kwama-50.42%. Ngokuthuthuka kancane kancane kokusebenza kahle kwamandla okusetshenziswa kwamandla, imodi yokuguqulwa kwamandla kagesi "Imodi yokuguqulwa kwamandla kagesi kusiza izindleko zokuhamba, inciphisa izindleko zokusetshenziswa kwamafutha, futhi ikhuthaza ukuthengiswa kwemakethe kwamaloli aphezulu anamandla. Ngokuya kwekota yesithathu ka-2023, ukuthengiswa kwamaloli amasha e-China amaningi kwakhuphuka ama-29.73% unyaka nonyaka kuya ku-20,127 amayunithi, kanye negebe elinamaloli amasha akhanyayo anciphise kancane kancane.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwemakethe yezimpahla kuyaqhubeka nokuthuthuka, futhi imboni yamaloli iqhubekela phambili ubuhlakani
Ngo-2023, ezomnotho ezokuhamba zaseChina zizoqhubeka zilulame ngokuqinile, ngokutholwa okusobala kokuthuthuka kwekota yesithathu. Ukuhamba kwesiphambano kwabantu kudlule izinga lesikhathi esifanayo ngaphambi kobhubhane, ivolumu yezimpahla kanye nezinga lokutshala imali kuqhubeke kuqhubeke ukukhula okusheshayo, futhi isilinganiso sokutshalwa kwemali kwezimpahla ezilungisiwe zihlale ziphezulu, zinikeza ukwesekwa kwezokuthutha ukuze kuthuthukiswe umnotho waseChina. Ngokuya ngekota yesithathu ka-2023, ivolumu yokuhamba engenayo yezigidi zaseChina yayingamathani angama-40.283 billion, kwandiswa ngo-7.1 Ezingxenyeni ezintathu zokuqala ezingama-2023, ivolumu yokuhamba yemigwaqo yaseChina yayingamathani angama-29.744 billion, afaka ama-73.84% wevolumu yezokuhamba ephelele, ukukhuphuka okungu-7.4%. Njengamanje, ukuthuthukiswa kwembulunga yonke kwezomnotho ku-boom, isikali samamakethe asezingeni lomngcele siyaqhubeka ukwandisa, ngasikhathi sinye, i-inthanethi ye-China, inqubo yokwakhiwa kwemigwaqo yesifundazwe, ukuthuthukiswa kwemigwaqo ye-China, isidingo samaloli siyaqhubeka sikhula.
Ukuvela kobuchwepheshe obusha kanye nezicelo ezintsha ziguqula isimo semakethe yezimpahla, ngobuchwepheshe obuqhamukayo obufana nobuchwepheshe bezinto ezizwakalayo, i-Intanethi Yezinto Inika amandla ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha, kanye nokunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza. Ngomncintiswano onolaka kwithrekhi ye-auto track kanye nenqubo yokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni ehamba kancane, amabhizinisi aholayo embonini aseqalile ukubeka amasu anjengeminyakazo enjengokushayela okuzimele kanye nokushayela okungahleliwe ukuthuthukisa ukuncintisana okuhlukile. Ngokwe-Market Research Converment Countpoint, imakethe yezimoto engenasidingo yomdlalo ifinyelelwe ama- $ 9.85 billion ngonyaka we-2019, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ngo-2025, imakethe yezimoto engavunyelwanga yomshayeli izofika ku- $ 55.6 billion. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21, izinkampani eziningi emhlabeni wonke zethule uhlobo lokuqala lwezimoto ezingenzili! Izimoto ezingenama-Driverless zihlaziya izimo zomgwaqo ngohlelo lwe-On-Board System, sebenzisa i-Computer Cloud ukuhlela izindlela, futhi zisebenzise ubuhlakani bokufakelwa ukulawula imoto ukuze ifinyelele lapho uya khona, okungukuthi ubuchwepheshe bokuphazamisa okusha embonini yezimoto.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukukhiqizwa kwamasosha ama-Shacman, i-faw jiefang, imboni yamabhizinisi esindayo namanye amabhizinisi aholayo aqhubeka nokwenza imizamo emkhakheni wamaloli ahlakaniphile, kanti isikhathi sezobuchwepheshe esisezingeni eliphezulu, kanti inqubo yobuchwepheshe obunobuhlakani buphezulu, futhi ukusebenza kunzima kakhulu. Ngokusho kwezibalo ezingaphelele, iChina ifike amaphrojekthi angaphezu kwama-50 amamayini angenamisele, emboza izimayini ezingewona amalahle, izimayini zensimbi nezinye izimo, futhi isebenza izimoto ezingaphezu kuka-300. Ukuhamba kwamaloli okungenasisekelo ezimayini kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwemisebenzi yezimayini futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwabasebenzi bezimayini, kanye nezinga lokungena lokuvuthwa kobuchwepheshe obungenasidingo embonini yamaloli kuzothuthukiswa ngokuzayo, kuthuthukiswe ukuthuthukiswa okuphezulu komkhakha.
Isikhathi Sokuthumela: Oct-12-2023
