Ekupheleni kokuvinjelwa kobhubhane lomhlaba wonke, imboni entsha yokudayisa ithuthuke ngokushesha, ngasikhathi sinye, ukugcwala ngokweqile kokulawulwa kwethrafikhi kuqinisiwe, izinga lokungena kwemikhiqizo emisha esezingeni linyukile, futhi amaloli okuthutha izinto zomhlaba wonke aphinde aqala ukukhula. . Imboni yengqalasizinda yomhlaba wonke izinzile, isidingo sokuthuthwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa zobunjiniyela kwesinye isikhathi siyakhuphuka futhi kwesinye isikhathi siyehla, futhi isigaba somhlaba wonke samaloli asindayo aqala kabusha intuthuko.
Okokuqala, ukunikezwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kwanele, futhi amathuba okuthuthukiswa kwemboni yamaloli abanzi
Amaloli, abuye aziwe ngokuthi amaloli, ngokuvamile abizwa ngokuthi amaloli, asetshenziswa kakhulu ukuthutha impahla, futhi kwesinye isikhathi abhekisela ezimotweni ezikwazi ukudonsa ezinye izimoto, eziyingxenye yezimoto zentengiso. Amaloli angahlukaniswa abe amaloli amancane, alula, aphakathi, asindayo futhi asindayo kakhulu ngokuya nge-tonnage yawo, lapho amaloli amancane namaloli asindayo kuyizinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zamaloli aphesheya kwezilwandle. Ngo-1956, ifekthri yokuqala yezimoto yase-China e-Changchun, esifundazweni sase-Jilin, yakhiqiza iloli lokuqala lasekhaya eNew China - i-Jiefang CA10, nayo eyayiyimoto yokuqala eNew China, ivula inqubo yemboni yezimoto yaseChina. Njengamanje, inqubo yokukhiqiza izimoto yaseChina ivame ukuvuthwa, ukwakheka komkhiqizo kuya ngokuya kunengqondo, ukushintshwa kuyakhula ngesivinini, izimoto zamaShayina zaqala ukungena ngobuningi emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe, futhi imboni yezimoto isiphenduke enye yezimboni ezibalulekile zezwe laseChina. umnotho.
Indawo engenhla yemboni yamaloli yizinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa zamandla ezidingekayo ukuze kukhiqizwe amaloli, okuhlanganisa insimbi, amapulasitiki, izinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi, irabha, njll., okuhlanganisa uhlaka, ukudluliselwa, injini nezinye izingxenye ezidingekayo ukusebenza kwamaloli. Umthamo wokuthwala iloli unamandla, izidingo zokusebenza kwenjini ziphakeme, injini ye-diesel ehlobene namandla enjini kaphethiloli inkulu, izinga lokusetshenziswa kwamandla liphansi, lingahlangabezana nezidingo zezimpahla zokuthutha iloli, ngakho-ke iningi lamaloli lidizili. izinjini njengomthombo wamandla, kodwa amanye amaloli amancane asebenzisa uphethiloli, igesi ye-petroleum noma igesi yemvelo. Indawo okufinyelelwa kuyo abakhiqizi bezimoto eziphelele zamaloli, kanti abakhiqizi bamaloli abazimele abadumile baseChina bahlanganisa i-China First Automobile Group, i-China Heavy Duty Automobile Group, i-SHACMAN heavy Truck Manufacturing, njll. Ezansi embonini yezokuthutha, okuhlanganisa ukuthuthwa kwempahla, ukuthuthwa kwamalahle, ukuthuthwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo. njalo njalo.
Umthamo weloli mkhulu kakhulu, inqubo yokukhiqiza iyinkimbinkimbi, futhi izinto zayo zokusetshenziswa eziyinhloko ziyinsimbi nezinye izinto zensimbi ezisezingeni eliphakeme ezinobunzima obuphezulu, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu nokumelana nokugqwala, ukuze kwakhiwe imikhiqizo yamaloli enempilo ende futhi ukusebenza okungcono. Ngokukhula okuqhubekayo komnotho omkhulu, izimboni zaseShayina zokukhiqiza, zokwakha kanye nezinye ziyaqhubeka nokukhula, zikhuthaza ukwanda ngokushesha kwamandla okukhiqiza insimbi, futhi zibe amandla okukhiqiza insimbi emhlabeni wonke kanye namandla okumaketha. Ngo-2021-2022, okuhlaselwe “ubhubhane olusha lwe-coronavirus”, umnotho wonke waseChina wehlile, amaphrojekthi wokwakha amile, futhi imboni yezokukhiqiza isiqalile ukulayisha phansi, ukuze intengo yokuthengisa yensimbi yehle “idwala”, kanti okunye okuyimfihlo. amabhizinisi acindezelwe yimakethe, futhi ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kwehlile. Ngo-2022, ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi yaseChina kwaba amathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.34, okukhuphuke ngo-0.27%, futhi izinga lokukhula lehla. Ngo-2023, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhula komnotho kanye nokwenza ngcono isimo semboni, umbuso uhlinzeka ngezinqubomgomo eziningi zoxhaso ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwezimboni eziyisisekelo, kusukela ngekota yesithathu ka-2023, ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi yaseChina bekungamathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.029. , inyuke ngo-6.1%. Ukukhiqizwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe ukuze kubuyiselwe ukukhula, ukuhlinzekwa kwemakethe kanye nesidingo kuvame ukulingana, inani lentengo yonke lemikhiqizo liyehla, kusiza izindleko zokukhiqizwa kwamaloli ukuthi zilawulwe ngokuphumelelayo, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle komnotho wezimboni, ukuheha ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu, ukwandisa isabelo sezimakethe zezimboni.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezimoto ezijwayelekile, amaloli adla amandla amaningi futhi akhiqize amandla amaningi avela ekushiseni kukadizili, okusiza ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwamaloli. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ethinteke isimo samazwe ngamazwe, amanye amazwe aba nezinkinga eziningi zamandla kagesi, amanani kawoyela ongahluziwe akhuphuka emhlabeni wonke, futhi imboni yezimoto yaseChina ithuthuke ngokushesha, ukusetshenziswa kukagesi ezindlini nasezimbonini kuye kwaqhubeka kwanda, ukukhuliswa kwemakethe yesidingo sikadizili, kanye nokukhula okuphezulu kwemakethe yezimoto. ukuncika kwangaphandle. Ukuze kuncishiswe ukungalingani phakathi kokunikezwa kukadizili kanye nesidingo, iChina iye yaqinisa imizamo yokwandisa ukugcinwa nokukhiqizwa kwemithombo kawoyela negesi kanye nokwandisa ukutholakala kukadizili. Ngo-2022, ukukhiqizwa kukadizili eChina kuzofinyelela kumathani ayizigidi eziyi-191, okuwukunyuka ngo-17.9%. Kusukela engxenyeni yesithathu ka-2023, ukukhiqizwa kukadizili eChina bekungamathani ayizigidi eziyi-162, okukhuphuke ngo-20.8% ngesikhathi esifanayo ngo-2022, izinga lokukhula linyukile, futhi umphumela useduze nokukhiqizwa kukadizili konyaka ka-2021. umphumela kadizili ekwandiseni ukukhiqizwa, namanje awukwazi ukuhlangabezana nesidingo semakethe. Ukuthengwa kukadizili eChina kusalokhu kuphezulu. Ukuze kuqaliswe izidingo zentuthuko eqhubekayo kuzwelonke, umthombo kawoyela udizili uye kancane kancane ushintshele kumandla avuselelekayo afana ne-biodiesel futhi kancane kancane andisa isabelo sawo semakethe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amaloli aseShayina angena kancane kancane emkhakheni wamandla amasha, futhi aqale aqaphela amaloli ahlanzekile kagesi noma kaphethiloli-kagesi ayingxubevange emakethe ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo zemakethe yesikhathi esizayo.
Izinga lokukhula kokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni lehlile, futhi amandla amasha angena kancane kancane embonini yamaloli
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, iChina ikukhuthaze ngamandla ukufudukela kwabantu emadolobheni, ukukhuphuka kwemboni ye-e-commerce, izimpahla zidinga ukuthuthwa ngokushesha nangempumelelo phakathi kwezifunda ezahlukahlukene, okuqhubekisela phambili isidingo semakethe yamaloli yaseChina. Imakethe yezimpahla iyaqhubeka nokushisa, ukukhula kwesidingo samandla kusobala, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezokuthutha kanye nezokuhamba kuqhuba kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yamaloli, futhi ngo-2020, ukukhiqizwa kwamaloli eChina kuzoba amayunithi ayizigidi ezingu-4.239, ukwanda ngo-20%. Ngo-2022, ukushuba kokutshalwa kwezimali kwempahla engaguquki kuba buthaka, imakethe yasekhaya yabathengi ibuthaka, futhi amazinga kazwelonke ezimoto ayabuyekezwa, okuholela ekwehleni kwesivinini sokushintshwa kwempahla yasemgwaqweni yase-China kanye nokwehla kwesidingo sezimpahla zamaloli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuthinteke ukwehla kwamandla emali emhlabeni wonke, intengo yezinto zokusetshenziswa zokukhiqiza umkhiqizo iyaqhubeka nokukhuphuka, ukushoda kwesakhiwo sama-chips athuthukiswe ngokuzimela kuyaqhubeka, amabhizinisi acindezelwa yizimakethe zokuhlinzeka nokuthengisa, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwemakethe yamaloli kunqunyelwe. Ngo-2022, ukukhiqizwa kwamaloli eChina bekungamayunithi ayizigidi ezingama-2.453, kwehle ngo-33.1% unyaka nonyaka. Ngokuphela kokuvalwa kobhubhane kuzwelonke, imboni entsha yokudayisa ithuthuke ngokushesha, ngasikhathi sinye, ukugcwala ngokweqile kwemithetho yethrafikhi kuqinisiwe, izinga lokungena kwemikhiqizo emisha esezingeni linyukile, futhi amaloli ezinto zokuthutha aseChina aqale kabusha ukukhula. Kodwa-ke, ukwehla kwemboni yengqalasizinda kanye nokwehla kwesidingo sokuthuthwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa zobunjiniyela kukhawulele ukutholwa nokuthuthukiswa kwamaloli asindayo onjiniyela baseChina. Kusukela ngekota yesithathu ka-2023, ukukhiqizwa kwamaloli eChina bekungamayunithi ayizigidi ezingama-2.453, akhuphuka ngo-14.3% ukusuka ngesikhathi esifanayo ngo-2022.
Intuthuko isiyonke yemboni yezimoto ikhuthaza ukukhula komnotho waseShayina, kuyilapho isheshisa ukuwohloka kwemvelo yemvelo eShayina, nezinga lomoya ezindaweni ezithuthukile ngokomnotho liyaqhubeka nokwehla, okubeka usongo empilweni yezakhamuzi. Ukuze kuzuzwe ukuphilisana okuvumelanayo komuntu nemvelo, iShayina isebenzise isu “lekhabhoni ephindwe kabili”, ngokulungisa isakhiwo samandla, isebenzisa amandla ahlanzekile esikhundleni samandla alahlwayo, ithuthukise ngamandla umnotho wekhabhoni ephansi, kanye nokuqeda ukuthuthukiswa komnotho waseChina. ukuncika emandleni ezinto ezimbiwa phansi angenisiwe, ngakho-ke, amaloli anamandla amasha asephenduke indawo enkulu ekhanyayo emakethe yezimoto. Ngo-2022, ukuthengiswa kwamaloli amasha e-China kukhuphuke ngo-103% unyaka nonyaka kuya kumayunithi angama-99,494; Kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya ku-April 2023, ngokwezibalo ze-China Automobile Circulation Association, ivolumu yokuthengiswa kwamaloli anamandla amasha e-China ibingu-24,107, okuwukunyuka ngo-8% ngesikhathi esifanayo ngo-2022. Ngokombono wezinhlobo zamaloli anamandla amasha, Amakhadi amancane amancanyana aseShayina kanye namaloli amancane athuthukiswe ngaphambili, futhi amaloli asindayo athuthuka ngokushesha. Ukukhula komnotho ohamba emadolobheni kanye nomnotho wezitolo kunyuse isidingo samakhadi amancane namaloli amancane, futhi amaloli amasha anamandla afana namaloli asebenza ngogesi nawengxubevange athengeka kakhulu kunamaloli endabuko, okuqhubekisela phambili ukukhuthaza izinga lokungena lamaloli amasha anamandla. Kusukela ngekota yesithathu ka-2023, umthamo wokuthengiswa kwamaloli amasha alambutha amandla eChina wawungamayunithi angama-26,226, okuwukunyuka ngo-50.42%. Ngokuthuthuka kancane kancane kokusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwamandla amasha, imodi yokuguqula amandla "yokuhlukaniswa kwemoto nogesi" isiza inqubo yokuthutha, inciphise izindleko zokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, futhi ikhuthaze ukuthengiswa kwemakethe yamaloli anamandla amakhulu ngokwezinga elithile. Kusukela ngekota yesithathu ka-2023, ukuthengiswa kwamaloli anamandla amasha e-China kukhuphuke ngo-29.73% unyaka nonyaka kwafinyelela kumayunithi angama-20,127, futhi igebe elinamaloli amasha anamandla liyancipha kancane kancane.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwemakethe yezimpahla kuyaqhubeka nokuba ngcono, futhi imboni yamaloli iqhubekela phambili kwezobuhlakani
Ngo-2023, umnotho wezokuthutha waseChina uzoqhubeka nokusimama kancane, ngomfutho osobala wokuthuthuka kwikota yesithathu. Ukugeleza kwabantu ezifundeni ezihlukahlukene kuye kwadlula izinga lesikhathi esifanayo ngaphambi kwalolu bhubhane, umthamo wezimpahla kanye nempahla ethekwini iye yagcina ukukhula ngokushesha, kanye nezinga lokutshalwa kwezimali ezimpahleni ezingaguquki zokuthutha lilokhu liphezulu, okuhlinzeka ukwesekwa kwezokuthutha ukuze kuthuthukiswe ngempumelelo. Umnotho waseChina. Kusukela engxenyeni yesithathu ka-2023, umthamo wezokuthutha wezimpahla zaseChina wawungamathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-40.283, okuwukukhuphuka ngo-7.1% ngesikhathi esifanayo ngo-2022. Phakathi kwazo, ukuthutha ngomgwaqo kuyindlela yokuthutha yaseChina yendabuko, uma kuqhathaniswa nezokuthutha ngololiwe, izindleko zokuthutha emgwaqweni ephansi uma kuqhathaniswa, futhi ehlanganisa kabanzi, iyindlela eyinhloko yezokuthutha ezihamba phansi e-China. Ezingxenyeni ezintathu zokuqala zonyaka wezi-2023, umthamo wezokuthutha wezimpahla zomgwaqo waseShayina wawungamathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-29.744, okubalelwa ku-73.84% yenani lomthamo wezokuthutha, okunyuke ngo-7.4%. Njengamanje, ukuthuthukiswa kokuhwebelana kwezomnotho kwezomnotho kuyanda, izinga lemakethe yezokuthutha ewela umngcele liyaqhubeka nokukhula, ngasikhathi sinye, umgwaqo omkhulu waseChina, umgwaqo kazwelonke, inqubo yokwakhiwa komgwaqo wesifundazwe iyakhula, i-Intanethi yezinto, ubuchwepheshe bedijithali. ekwakhiweni kwemigwaqo ehlakaniphile, ukuze kube lula ukuthuthukiswa kwemakethe yezimpahla zaseChina, isidingo samaloli siyaqhubeka nokwanda.
Ukuvela kobuchwepheshe obusha nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha kushintsha isimo semakethe yezimpahla, ngobuchwepheshe obusafufusa obufana nobuchwepheshe bokushayela okuzenzakalelayo, I-inthanethi Yezinto kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa obuvumela ukuthuthwa kwamaloli, kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwezokuthutha nokuphepha, kanye nokunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza. Ngokuncintisana okunamandla kuthrekhi yezimoto kanye nenqubo yokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni ehamba kancane, amabhizinisi aphambili embonini aseqalile ukubeka amasu afana nokushayela ukuzimela kanye nokushayela okungenamuntu ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuncintisana okuhlukene. Ngokusho kwenkampani yocwaningo lwemakethe i-Countpoint, imakethe yezimoto ezingashayeli emhlabeni wonke ifinyelele ku-$9.85 billion ngo-2019, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ngo-2025, imakethe yezimoto ezingashayeli emhlabeni wonke izofinyelela ku-$ 55.6 billion. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21, izinkampani eziningi emhlabeni wonke zaqala uhlobo lwezimoto ezingashayeli, futhi zasebenzisa imikhiqizo ezimeni eziningi zokufaka izicelo ezifana nesiminyaminya sezimoto, ukuqeqeshelwa izingozi, kanye nezigaba eziyinkimbinkimbi. Izimoto ezingashayeli zihlaziya izimo zomgwaqo ngesistimu yezinzwa ezisebhodini, zisebenzisa i-cloud computing ukuze zihlele imizila, futhi zisebenzisa ubuhlakani bokwenziwa ukuze zilawule imoto ukuze ifinyelele lapho iya khona, okuwubuchwepheshe bokusungula obuphazamisayo embonini yezimoto.
Eminyakeni yamuva, i-SHACMAN yokukhiqiza amaloli esindayo, i-FAW Jiefang, i-Sany Heavy Industry kanye namanye amabhizinisi ahamba phambili ayaqhubeka nokwenza imizamo emkhakheni wamaloli ahlakaniphile anezinzuzo zobuchwepheshe, kanye ne-inertia yezimoto ohlelweni lokuhamba kweloli likhulu, isikhathi se-buffer. yinde, inqubo yobuchwepheshe ehlakaniphile iphakeme, futhi ukusebenza kunzima kakhulu. Ngokwezibalo ezingaphelele, i-China isithole izinhlelo ezingaphezu kuka-50 zokumba ezingenamshayeli, ezihlanganisa izimayini ezingezona zamalahle, izimayini zensimbi nezinye izimo, futhi isebenzisa izimoto ezingaphezu kuka-300. Ukuthuthwa kwamaloli angashayeli ezindaweni zezimayini kuthuthukisa ngempumelelo ukusebenza kwezimayini futhi kuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabasebenzi basezimayini, futhi izinga lokungena kobuchwepheshe obungashayeli embonini yamaloli lizothuthukiswa nakakhulu esikhathini esizayo, kugqugquzelwe intuthuko yezinga eliphezulu lemboni.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-12-2023
